The global race for semiconductor supremacy has the potential to reshape the balance of power in the 21st century, with the United States and China locked in a high-stakes battle that could redefine the future of technology, innovation, and geopolitical influence.The Third Semiconductor War is unfolding. Following 15-year cycles focused first on PCs and then smartphones, artificial intelligence has now taken the baton. In an exclusive video interview, Chris Miller, a professor at Tufts University, emphasized that true competitiveness lies in technological superiority, not just localized production.Miller argues that while nations worldwide subsidize domestic semiconductor manufacturing, this approach has its limits. "The success or failure of any semiconductors, including South Korean chip companies, is primarily decided not by whatever subsidies they receive, but rather by clever technology," Miller stated. He mentioned that in the memory chip space, Samsung has traditionally been the biggest player, but over the last year, SK Hynix has outperformed it by producing the most advanced type of DRAM, known as high-bandwidth memory (HBM) chips, crucial for AI processing. "Governments must realize that their role is at best as a helper. The success or failure of their efforts won't be determined by the amount of spending but by the efficacy of the companies' R&D efforts."A notable point is that China is one of the few countries that has successfully localized its supply chain. China has now localized much of its supply chain, posing a direct challenge as the world's two superpowers jockey for semiconductor supremacy in the emerging AI era. At the same time, the traditional hierarchy is being disrupted, with South Korean upstart SK Hynix surpassing long-dominant Samsung in advanced high-bandwidth memory chips coveted for AI applications.
